INTRODUCTION:

In the oil and gas industry, a drill bit is a tool designed to produce a generally cylindrical hole (wellbore) in the earth’s crust by the rotary drilling method for the discovery and extraction of hydrocarbon such as crude oil and natural gas. This type of tool is alternately referred to as a rock bit, or simply a bit. The hole diameter produced by drill bits is quite small, from about 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) to 30 inches (76 cm), compared to the depth of the hole, which can range from 1,000 feet (300 m) to more than 30,000 feet (9,100 m). Subsurface formations are broken apart mechanically by cutting elements of the bit by scraping, grinding or localized compressive fracturing. The cuttings produced by the bit are most typically removed from the wellbore and continuously returned to the surface by drilling mud circulation.

A. Roller Cone Bit

    Type of roller cone bit is indicated by diameter code, series code, IADC classification code and 

    optional feature code.

    For example:  8 1/2MD517X

• 8 ½ is bit diameter, which is 8.5 inches
• MD is series code, indicating the bit is a high speed motor bit
• 517 is classification code or IADC  code
• X is optional feature code, indicating the main cutters are convex crested wedge

    Type of Roller Cone Bit

    MD High Speed Motor Bit

    The bit working condition in directional and horizontal drilling applications is quite

    different than in vertical drilling.  The MD series motor bit features high RPM,

    better gage  protection and stability, higher reliability, excellent hydraulic effect 

    and longer working life, etc.

    MD bit is suitable for drilling at 90-300 RPM and is the ideal choice for directional,

    horizontal and horizontal  multilateral  well drilling applications.

     Advantage of this Bit

     -  High Speed Floating Bearing and Metal Face Seal

     -  Higher ROP and longer working life

     -  To  improve the bits stability, prevent bit diameter shrinkage, and extend the bits

         working life

B. PDC Drill Bits

    1. Bit Size:

        a. Matrix Body: 3-1/2” to 17-1/2”

        b. Steel Body: 6” to 27”

        c. Cutter Size : 8mm, 11mm, 13mm, 16mm, 19mm, 22mm, 25mm

        d. Blade Number : From 3 to 10 More

      2. Application of PDC Drill Bit

          This bit incorporates proven design features to match the requirements of Rotary Steerable 

          and Motor BHAs

             -  Rotary Steerable & Steerable Motor Design:

                The low Make-Up-Length to Bit Diameter Ratio and directional gauge pad design

                provide excellent transfer of steering forces to achieve the required dog leg

                severity.

             -  Force Balanced Cutting Structure:

                The bit cutting structure is balanced utilizing proprietary software. This maximizes

                drill bit stability ensuring any available drilling energy is effectively transferred to

                the cutting edge to shear the rock for high penetration rates.

             - Trident Cutter Technology:

                Trident cutters offer the latest technology for higher resistance to abrasion

                and impact. Field testing demonstrates improvements can be as much as

                50% more footage drilled and 30% higher rates of penetration.

            -  Steel Body Bits:

                Are designed to maximize Junk Slot Area (JSA) and Face Volume (FV) by taking 

                advantage of high strength steel alloy material properties. Abrasion resistant

                hardfacing is welded around the cutter pockets and up the blade front to prevent cutter

                loss and maximize bit life. The combination of Steel & Hardfacing assists to maximize

                drilling efficiency in balling prone applications, possibly due to swelling clay, high mud

                weight, low flow rate or H.S.I.

            -  Matrix Body Bits:

                Provides the greatest abrasion resistance in abrasive environments, such as

                high solids content or formations with quartz. Higher body abrasion resistance

                reduces matrix loss between cutters and increases drilling hours for longer 

                drilling up to total depth. 

                Likewise, matrix body bits offer the potential for additional playability and lower 

                cost per foot.

            -  Diamond Gauge Protection:

                The gauge pads are protected with abrasion resistant TSP diamond to ensure an

                in-gauge bit and stable directional response. This gauge feature is used on steel

                and matrix body bits.

C. Benefits of using Drill Bits

    1.  High performance bit cutters with good wear resistance, impact resistance, and

        thermostability is  designed so that overall performance of cutting element is improved.

    2.  High performance matrix body material is designed to improve ability of body's abrasive

         resistance.

    3.  Crown profile and cutters placement are optimized brings the bit with higher abrasive

         resistance ability and impact resistance ability in medium and medium-hard formation.

    4.  Hydraulic system of the bit is optimized and cooling effects of the bit is improved to

         prevent the compact failure under high temperature.

    5.  Optimized Hydraulic design and enhanced cleaning and cooling effects of the bit to

         prevent bit from balling.

    6.  The bit's body material is made of steel of high quality. The good steel material and

         thinner blade design as well as deeper junk slot design helps to get higher ROP.

    7.  Wear-resistant materials are hardfaced on the surface of blade which can prevent body

         materials erosion.

    8.  From enhanced gauge protection, depth-of-cut control technology, optimized cutting

         structures to innovative anti-balling designs, our full line of PDC drill bits offer a wide

         range of solutions to the most common drilling problems. Our PDC drill bits provide

         greater drilling efficiencies and lower cost per foot.

    9.  Field proven legacy design products which offer excellent performance. Where bit 

         cost is a considerable portion of the overall drilling costs, this cost-effective 

         product line delivers a good balance of durability and aggressiveness for optimum

         performance at a minimal cost.

SUCCES STORY:

 A. CNOOC SES Ltd , Project : COO Drill Bit, 2010

 B. Odira Energy Karang Agung, Project Supply 12 EA Rock Bit, 2012

 C. Husky Cnooc Madura Limited (HCML), with project

    Purchase of PDC Drilling Bit Package A for MDA, MBH, MDK Drilling – 2018