INTRODUCTION:

Drill Pipe is hollow, thick-walled piping that transmits drilling fluid and torque through the wellbore to the drill bit on a drilling rig. It is manufactured to withstand severe internal and external pressure, distortion, bending, and vibration as it both rotates and lifts the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). Drill Pipe is threaded on each end in a section of pipe referred to as the tool joint. It is manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with standard specifications such as the American Petroleum Institute (API). API 5DP is the International Standard specifies technical delivery conditions for steel Drill Pipes with upset pipe-body ends and weld-on tool joints for use in drilling and production operations in petroleum and natural gas industries for three product specification levels (PSL-1, PSL-2 and PSL-3). The requirements for PSL-1 form the basis of this International Standard. The requirements that define different levels of standard technical requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3.

A. Types and Function

    1.  Drill Collars, are a component of the drill string that makes up part of the BHA. They are thicker-walled, heavier, and more rigid than drill pipes and are primarily used to weigh down the drill bit while dampening vibration and impact forces.

     2. Standard Drill Pipes, are long tubular sections of pipe that make up the majority of the drill

         string. They are typically a 31 foot long section of tubular pipe but may be anywhere from

         18 to 45 feet in length;

    3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP, is a tubular pipe that adds weight or acts as a

        transitional piece in the drill string. As a transitional section of the drill string, it is

        placed between the drill collar and standard drill pipe to reduce fatigue failures.

        In other applications the HWDP is used as an additional weight to weigh down

        the drill string;

B. Drill Pipe Classification

     1. Drill Pipe Grades 

         Drill Pipe grades include standard API grades (E-75, X-95, G-105, & S-135),

         as well as proprietary grades

         a.  API Grade Drill Pipe

             API SPEC 5DP specifies the technical delivery conditions for steel Drill Pipes with upset

             pipe-body ends and weld-on tool joints for use in drilling and production operations in

             petroleum and natural gas industries for three product specification levels

             (PSL-1, PSL-2 and PSL-3). PS-1 specifies wall thickness, impact strength, and

             yield strength requirements specific to the material grade. Specification levels

             PL-2/PL-3 have additional mandatory requirements.

              Grade E Drill Pipe, referred to as "mild" steel, and exhibits the lowest yield strength

              per unit area with yield strength of less than 80,000 psi. It is able to withstand

              a greater percentage of stretch or "strain" prior to fracture than higher strength

              Drill Pipe grades. It is also more resistant to corrosion and cracking.

              Grade E is utilized in medium depth wells from 10,000 to 15,000 feet.

              Grades X-95, G-105, and S-135 is considered high strength grades.

              They exhibit increased yield strength which is required to service deeper wells.

         b.  Proprietary Grades

              Proprietary grades often exceed the specifications set forth by API SPEC 5DP.

              Their enhanced performance properties are developed for sour service,

              critical service, and other user-defined requirements. 

                Sour service grades resist sulphide stress corrosion (SSC). SSC can occur

               when hydrogen sulfide is present. Ingress of hydrogen coupled with higher

               stresses, low temperatures, low pH, and high chloride content decreases the

               ductility of steel grades leaving them susceptible to crack propagation and failure. 

                Critical service grades resist corrosion when sweet gas or high concentrations

               of carbon dioxide are present. They are a cost effective alternative that is used

                in water injection applications.

         c.  Length

              The drill string is made up of several sections of Drill Pipe. The term "stand"

              refers to two or three sections of Drill Pipe that are fed into the well bore to

              complete 60 to 90 feet of drilling. Each segment of pipe, referred to as a "single",

              is classified by API into three distinct length ranges R1, R2, and R3.

               - Range 1 (R1) is shortest in length, more common for sizing production tubing

                 or casing, and ranges from 18 to 22 ft;

              - Range 2 (R2) is considered the standard length for Drill Pipe and ranges from

                 27 to 31 ft;

              - Range 3 (R3) is common in casing and also deployed in deep water drilling applications.

                The increased length decreases the number of tool joints in each stand of Drill Pipe.

                The fall back being that the load exerted on each tool joint is greater increasing wear

                and reducing the expected life of the drill pipe. R3 ranges from 38 to 45 ft .

          d.  Diameter

               The outer diameter (OD) of the Drill Pipe is offered in nominal sizes ranging from 2 3/8"

               to 6 5/8". The diameter of pipe is selected based on the borehole diameter. In order to

               effectively circulate drilling mud and minimize pressure losses, the ratio of Drill Pipe

               outside diameter to borehole diameter should be about 0.6.

          e.  Tool Joint

               Each end of the pipe incorporates a tool joint, and is differentiated by the male threaded

               connection referred to as the "pin" and the female threaded connection which is referred

               to as the "box". They are pre-fabricated and welded onto the pipe. The tool joints provide

               high-strength, threaded connections. They are heat treated to a higher strength than the

               steel of the tube body in order to survive the rigors of drilling and numerous cycles of

               tightening and loosening of threads. Tool joints are specified by upset and thread type.

          f.   Upset

               The upset (thread-end finish) refers to the wall of the tool joint at the threaded

               connection. Drill Pipe is offered with an internal upset (IU), an external upset (EU),

               or an internal-external upset (IEU).

               -  IU,  In an internal upset increased thickness along the inside walls compensate

                  for the metal removed in threading with a uniform, straight outside wall.

               -   EU,  In an external upset the increased thickness along the outside diameter

                   of the tubing compensates for the metal removed in threading with a straight bore.

                -   IEU - In an internal-external upset thickness is increased along both the inside and

                    outside walls of the pipe to compensate for the metal removed in threading.

          g.   Threaded Connection

                Tool joints incorporate threaded connections. They include standard API threads

                as well as proprietary threads. Each type of threaded connection is specified by

                threads per inch (TPI) and it's taper. Common API tool joints include regular (REG),

                full-hole (FH), and internal-flush (IF).

          h.   Features

                  -   Non-magnetic drill pipe is used to isolate measurement while drilling (MWD) and

                     logging while drilling (LWD) tools from the drill string. This minimizes associated

                     electromagnetic interference and increases the accuracy of the directional surveys.

                 -   Hard-banding is incorporated on the tool joints and center wear pad of the drill pipe

                     in order to increase the abrasion resistance.

                -    Spiral grooves on the external surface of the Drill Pipe reduce differential sticking

                     and improve flow characteristics of the drilling mud.

RANGE/SIZE:

We are able to supply Drill Pipe:

A. Size Range:

    2.3/8’’ – 6.5/8’’

B. Grades:

    -  API 5DP : E 75, X 95, G 105, and S 135;

    -  Proprietary grades.

C. Product level:

    -  PSL 1;

    -  PSL 2;

    -  PSL 3;

D. Threads:

     API Connections (IU, EU, IEU, NC26, NC31, NC38, NC40, NC46, NC50, 5 ½’’FH, and 6.5/8’’FH);

SUCCESS STORY:

A.  Pertamina Hulu Energi OSES

     We provides rental services including inspection and maintenance of 3 ½” 13.3ppf S135 NC38

     (IF) to support PHE OSES drilling operations in oil and gas searches off the coast of Sumatra in

      the Java sea. The rental service contract began in October 2017.

      The supply, inspection and maintenance processes that have been carried out so far

      without obstacles and success in supporting the PHE OSES drilling program.

B.  COSL INDO

     We provides rental services to PT. COSL INDO including inspection and maintenance of 3 ½”

     13.3ppf S135 NC38 (IF) to support PHE OSES drilling program since November 2015 and still

      ongoing.

      The maintenance and inspection carried out keeps the drill pipe in good condition so that

      the drilling program can continue without any obstacles.